Retirement planning, safe withdrawal rates, sequence risk, RMDs, and Medicare.
Always contribute enough to capture the full employer match — it's guaranteed, immediate "free money"
Medicare starts at 65; the gap from retirement to 65 is a major planning challenge
Your target portfolio should cover 25–30 times your annual spending in retirement
The 4% rule says you can typically withdraw 4% of initial portfolio, inflation-adjusted, for 30 years
The order of returns matters when you're withdrawing
State income tax ranges from 0% to over 13% — where you live in retirement can be worth thousands a year
Segment retirement assets into short, medium, and long-term buckets
Dynamic strategies adjust spending based on portfolio performance
A rough target is 25-30x annual spending minus guaranteed income
Part A is hospital insurance; Part B is medical insurance; Part D is drugs; Part C is private bundled plans
Starting at age 73 (or 75 for those born 1960+), you must withdraw a minimum from Traditional accounts
Your savings rate determines when you reach financial independence
Pre-tax withdrawals are taxed as income, so to net $X from a traditional account you must withdraw more than $X
Bill Bengen (1994) found 4% survived every historical 30-year period
Early retirees need health coverage between retirement and Medicare at 65